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Detecting plagiarism in academic writings


Author: WhiteLane

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In the modern society, the problem of plagiarism occurs really often. People who use online or other sources do not always cite them properly. Plagiarism is considered to be an academic dishonesty that is why instructors do everything possible to detect and determine the plagiarism in the academic writings. This will not only find dishonest students, but will prevent them from plagiarizing again.

Nowadays there are a lot of techniques which will help to detect and to determine plagiarism in the academicс papers. These techniques are very helpful for the instructors in schools, colleges and universities.

First of all, you can determine plagiarism by analyzing the format of the paper. Main errors that can signal about plagiarism in the paper are: the format of the paper is not according to the assignment that was given, line or page breaks are at odd places, URL or article number at the and of the writing, odd phrases like “click here.” All of the following signs may indicate that the paper was copied directly from the internet.

Citations can also help to determine plagiarism in the paper. Usually plagiarized papers contain very old citations. Also try to match references listed at the end of the writing with the in-text-citations. If they do not match this is a sign that the paper may be plagiarized.

Check the content of the paper. There are few basic signs of plagiarism that can be found: the paper doesn’t exactly match the assignment, the paper is not unified and seems to be cut out from different places.

Another way to check the paper for plagiarism is to check its style. The style of the paper may differ from the student’s previous works; level of writing is much higher than others; the style of the paper doesn’t match to the required.

One more very efficient way to check whether the paper is plagiarized is to ask the student questions about the material in the paper or about this specific subject. Also you can ask the student to make a brief verbal summery of his/her paper. The answer will help instructor to identify whether the student wrote the paper himself.

Checking the reference page can help a lot. Check the original sources that provided in the reference list and look through them. Also you can submit some unique words from the paper to Google, for example. This can help to find some online sources from where the student could plagiarize. You can also check term paper mills.

Nowadays there is a lot of plagiarism detective software available. For example, EVE 2.2. Also a paper can be check by submitting to Turnitin.com. It compares the paper to the Internet sources and to other papers. There are also some similar online links to determine the plagiarism like: Plagiarism.com, InteqriGuard and MOSS. To check the paper online is one of the easiest ways to determine the plagiarism.

All of the ways to determine plagiarism that are listed above can be very helpful. Careful evaluation of the paper and checking all the sources will indicate whether the paper was plagiarized.

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Types of plagiarism


Author: WhiteLane

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Plagiarism can cause a lot of problems that is why it is very important to avoid it. Sometimes people get accused of plagiarism because they didn’t know about some kinds of plagiarism. Knowing basic types of plagiarism and some ways to avoid them can help a lot in writing the papers.

Basically, plagiarism is using of someone else’s work and presenting it or its part as your own. Also plagiarism is considered to be stealing, because if you use someone else’s ideas and do not cite them, you steal them from the original author.

There are few basic types of plagiarism that you should know in order to avoid them. First one is considered to be the most serious. It is Copy and Paste plagiarism. This type of plagiarism occurs when a person copies a fragment of the writing from the source and pastes it into his own work without citing this source. Usually people who do this risk a lot, because it is very easy to find this type plagiarism in the writing. In order to avoid this it you should put quotation marks around the fragment that had been used and put a reference for the source that has been used.

Another type of plagiarism is Word Switch Plagiarism. It happens when you take a phrase or a sentence from the source and switch few words. It is still plagiarism because the main concept of the sentence or phrase stays the same. In this case you just use someone else’s ideas in stead of your own. This type of plagiarism is also known as paraphrasing. If you take a phrase from the source and rephrase it with your own words you still have to put a reference for this phrase, because the idea and the though that you used are not yours.

Metaphor Plagiarism also happens a lot usually in creative writings. While writing a creative paper, people like to use metaphors because they make their writing more interesting and creative. It happens a lot that a person cannot come up with his/her own metaphor, that’s why they use other well-known metaphors. Without proper citing this is considered to be a plagiarism. If you want to use a metaphor that is not yours, you should include a source for it.

Another very common type of plagiarism is Idea Plagiarism. It occurs often because not everyone knows about it. The concept of this plagiarism is that people use someone else’s ideas, like solution for something. If you write about some common things that are well known, you do not have to put a reference for them, but if you write about some specific ideas or concepts that were written by other people, you should put reference for them.

Reasoning Style or Organization Plagiarism also occurs a lot. When we take an article or some kind of source and follow it paragraph by paragraph, it is also considered to be a plagiarism, even if you do not copy it word by word and change the sentences. It is considered to be a plagiarism because you use the author’s style and structure in the writing.

Another type of plagiarism occurs a lot when people use statistics and images from other sources without referencing. It is very important to put a reference for every chart, table or statistics that you use in the paper.

Not everyone knows that putting on a reference list some sources that you really didn’t use in your writing is also a plagiarism. It becomes a problem when students just write down necessary number of sources even if they haven’t read them at all.

Self-Plagiarism occurs when you use your own work that you have written before. If you do so, you must reference all the materials from the previous work appropriately.

Another type of plagiarism that happens extremely often in the school or college is Collusion. It happens when you copy the work that have been written by another student. If you are the person who gave your work to someone else to copy, you will also have a problems as well as that person.

All the types of plagiarism that are listed above can cause a lot of serious problems to the person who uses them. They may get a bad grade as well as fail the class. You should be very careful while using any kind of information from the sources. In order to avoid any type of plagiarism in your paper you should make sure to cite ALL the sources used in your paper properly.

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Writing a research paper


Author: WhiteLane

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Research paper is formal writing which includes research and student’s personal ideas. The process of writing a research paper is not easy, as it demands plenty of work and deep concentration. Following some particular steps in writing a research paper will help to get good results.

The first step in writing a research paper is choosing precise topic. The topic of the paper should be interesting. Make sure that you will be able to write on the particular topic, because some of them may be too difficult for you. Try not to select too wide topic; make it specific.

After choosing the topic, start to search for information. Nowadays, there is the number of sources of information on any topic available throughout the Web, media, printed sources etc. The most widely used are books, Internet, magazines, encyclopedias, newspapers etc. You can search through several of these sources. After you find some information on your topic, mark the most useful sources, which you will use in your paper. Do not forget to write down the information about your sources, so that you will be able to cite them in your paper.

Third step in writing a research paper is identifying a thesis statement. Do not make it too long. Thesis statement should reflect your point of view and the idea of the whole paper.

Next step is making an outline of your paper. Write down few ideas that you want to specify. Do not forget about the structure which presumes introduction, body and conclusion. Write few sub-points to the main points of your outline, make it more detailed. This will help you to write detailed and structured paper.

After the outline is done, start to compare gathered information to your outline. Find the most suitable sources and information. Organize these sources according to the outline. This will help you to simplify your writing process. During this stage of writing, you will learn much about your topic. Try to organize your notes in the way that is clear for your. Make sure that you will be able to find any information during writing process. Do not use any sources or information that you don’t understand.

You next step is writing the first draft. Make sure that you follow each step of your outline. Develop each point of your outline into a paragraph. Use the notes and sources that you have prepared. Stay focused; do not write down unnecessary information. Avoid plagiarism; use references and in-text citations for quotes or any other information you take from different sources.

After the draft of the paper is ready you should revise it. Read through the paper and make sure that you followed an outline. The essay should be logically structured. All of the points that you make should be clear. Make sure that all of the sources that you used are properly cited. Check the grammar and spelling mistakes.

The last step in your writing process is writing a final version of the paper. If you have done the revision carefully, you should not experience problems with your final version.

Following all the steps of the writing process that are mentioned above will simplify your work and guarantee you succinct and well-structured research paper.

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Scholarships


Author: WhiteLane

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College education is very important for young people in modern society. It is already known that people, who have higher education, have bigger potential for professional growth. The only problem that occurs now is that education in college or university is extremely expensive and not everyone can afford it. That is why government and private facilities offer scholarships available for students.

Scholarship is a financial help provided for students on various bases. Applying for scholarship is one of the most effective funding options. The reason for this is that scholarships do not have to be paid back. Every year scholarships become available for undergraduate, graduate and post-graduate students. Most of the scholarships and grants are usually given to need-based students, while also there is the number of opportunities to win the scholarship on other basis.

Students have a chance to apply for different kinds of scholarships. In the United States there are 8 principal categories of scholarships:

- First one is Major Scholarship. It is sponsored by specific departments in college or private colleges which offer particular major.

- Another category is State Scholarship. It is granted to some particular states. This means that only people who live in the specific state can get this kind of grant.

- Non-Represented Scholarships are private or corporate kinds of grants.

- There are also Minority Scholarships, primarily offered to African-Americans, international students and women.

- Precise scholarships sponsored by religious organizations, called Religious Scholarships.

- One more type of scholarship which is very helpful for young people is Athletic and Special Talent Scholarships. It is sponsored by talent and sports programs. Fraternity or Sorority Scholarships are financed by national or local fraternities or sororities.

- People with some disabilities (blind or handicapped) can also get a scholarship. They can apply for Special Scholarship, which is financed by college special needs programs.

Each category of scholarship has different requirements for the person who apply for it. Such great variety of scholarships allows students to find the one that is the most suitable for them. It helps young people to get higher education even if they are not able to pay for their education themselves. The most well-known federal programs that provide various scholarship grants are: The Federal Pell Grant, The Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant and Federal Work Study Program.

The Scholarships have a lot of advantages comparing to other funding options, like savings, borrowing etc. One of the main advantages is that scholarship doesn’t have to be paid back. Scholarships usually cover the full cost of educations in the particular college, while it may be difficult to borrow or to save such an amount of money. Another advantage is that everyone can try to apply for scholarship.

Even though scholarships can be a very good way to get college education they also have some disadvantages. For example, some scholarship programs give money at the end of the academic year, which is not very practical. Also some scholarships offer only partial financing and do not cover all the costs at college.

There is the number of kinds of scholarships. Which one to apply for, is up to you. The process of getting a scholarship is not easy, but if you will try hard enough, you will reach a success and will get a chance for FREE education.

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Creative writing


Author: WhiteLane

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What is creative writing? One of most known forms of creative writing is novel, however it is not the only one. Creative writing also includes plays, short stories, comic books etc. The main characteristic of creative writing is that it has to be actually a writing which contains some imaginary elements. The author doesn’t necessarily have to write about some unreal, supernatural, made up experiences but can definitely describe an event that has never happened. Creative writing is specific because even when you write about real event, as soon as you change some details or add something it becomes creative.

There are few things that will help you to complete a successful creative writing. Before you will start your writing process, try to find the most comfortable place for this. You should be able to relax and to use all the creativity you have. Try to write your essay when you are active and full of ideas. Don’t try to write if you feel that you have no ideas and desire to do this.

The process of writing a creative story includes few stages. A person who will go through this stage will be able to write a successful story for sure. First thing that you should do while in writing process, is to find an interesting topic and inspiration. In order to find an interesting and exciting topic for your writing, try to think of something that you are interested in. Sometimes you may get your inspiration from some things that you have never though about, like religion, family, art, etc.

In order to inspire yourself for creative writing try to use such techniques as brainstorming, questioning yourself, thinking about some meaningful events in your life. All this will help you to come up with few interesting ideas for your writing.

After finding an interesting topic for creative writing think about it. Try to think about the subject and theme of the writing. You should identify for yourself what you want to write about. You can make short notes in form of an outline; this will help you to remember everything you wanted to mention in your creative writing.

Next step in preparing creative writing is analyzing your audience and defining the purpose of the writing. While analyzing the audience, you should assume what type of readers will be interested in the writing. Also define for yourself what effect your creative writing should have on the readers. Do you want to entertain them, or to make them think about your subject?

Having identified some basic concepts of your creative writing think about the style that you would like to use. Determine the form of creative writing you will use. Remember that the style and the language that you will use for your writing should be clear for your audience.

After you complete the first draft of your creative writing try to revise it. It will be better if you will revise it few days later, because during this time you will get some new ideas that will help to improve the writing. While revising your paper, try to eliminate some unnecessary words. Keep your paper focused and make sure that it is really creative.

Finally, don’t try to restrain yourself. Unlike the formal essays creative writing is the piece of creativity; the part of yourself. Use the flight of your thought and let your imagination create. Good luck!

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Reflective writing


Author: WhiteLane

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One of most popular types of reflective writing are journals. People can make some notes in the journal for personal needs. But journal is not the only form of reflective writing. Reflective writing is any kind of writing which includes your personal reaction to something. Reflective paper cannot be wrong, because you just write your personal reaction to something. Reflective writing includes personal experience, reaction to precise ideas or text and explanation of your point of view. Reflective writing is helpful as it makes you think critically. Also it helps you to understand your own thoughts better and share your personal attitudes with others.

While writing a reflective paper it is important to remember that you need to mention the context of the reading or event and then write your personal reaction and your thoughts about this. You can make some interesting comments and analyze the book or event according to these comments.

In order to write successful reflective papers try to summarize the main ideas of the reading and analyze them. Decide on your attitude toward these ideas, clarify for yourself whether you agree or disagree with ideas of the text. Explain your point of view. You may also support your thoughts by referencing to other literature sources, just don’t forget to cite them.

You may write reflective paper almost about any topic. It can be reaction to the book, article, event or you may also write about such topics as “love,” “friendship.” Reflective writing is usually very personal, because it includes your personal thoughts and opinions which may be based on the past experience.

It is always better to work on reflective writing in quiet and relaxing place, so that you can concentrate and keep focus on your ideas and past experience. Following the above guidelines will surely help those who wish to express their reflection on the topic or event to make a good writing and to better structure own thoughts.

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Avoiding Plagiarism


Author: WhiteLane

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What is plagiarism? It seems like everyone knows it, but not everyone tries to avoid it. Practically plagiarism is cheating. We can also consider it to be stealing because when we plagiarize the paper, we use someone else’s ideas or thoughts and write them down as our own. As a result we steal these ideas and thoughts from the original author. That is why it is very important to avoid plagiarism while writing a paper. If someone will find out that paper is plagiarized, you will get in trouble. It is very easy to avoid plagiarism in the writing; you just need to know few basic concepts.

First of all, it is important to remember that you need to cite all the information that you searched or founded in the book, newspaper article, Web-source or in any other source. The information may include citations, statistics, diagrams, and some facts.

Another thing that you need to remember is to cite used sources correctly. It happens a lot that person gets accused of plagiarism, because he/she didn’t cite the paper correctly. In order to avoid such situations you need to remember basic citation rules and few citation styles, like MLA, APA etc. It is not very difficult, because basic rules of citation styles are available in student’s handbooks, in books and on Internet.

When you quote someone’s words, put phrases like: “according to…”, or “Jones says…” at the beginning of the sentence. In this way you will make it clear that following words belong to the person that you refer to. At the end of the quote don’t forget to put parenthetical citation of the source where you took this quote from. It is also important to remember that the quote which you insert in the text should be put in the citation marks.

A lot of people consider that the paraphrased information they took from another source is not considered to be plagiarism. But this opinion is a big mistake which can cause problems. When you paraphrase someone else’s words, you do not use your own ides, you still use the information that was already given to you. That is why paraphrasing is also considered to be a plagiarism. In order to avoid it, put a parenthetical citation for the information that you paraphrased. Make sure that you put citation reference at the very end of the phrase you used, because after you paraphrased the quote you may forget where it ends. Paraphrased information after the reference will be considered plagiarism.

If you write a big paragraph which contains few quotes from the same source cite each quote separately, don’t just put one reference at the end of the paragraph.

After you will cite all the sources in the text of your paper, list these references at the end of the paper on the reference page. Usually sources on the reference page are listed in alphabetical order. Reference page should be formed according to the requirements of the particular citation style that you use.

If you want to avoid plagiarism while writing your paper, make sure to follow all of the basic rules and concepts of referencing which were given above. This is the way for you to protect yourself from unnecessary problems and stress.

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Writing a paper


Author: WhiteLane

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The process of writing a paper includes several basic steps. Following these steps will help to complete the paper according to the requirements. First of all it is very important to specify for yourself “which type of paper you are going to write.” The process of writing persuasive, descriptive, reflective or any other paper is different for each of these types of writing, thus each requires personal approach.

In any case, first thing you should do before starting to write is brainstorming. Brainstorming may be very helpful, especially when you are not sure about the topic of your writing. It helps to generate some interesting ideas and thoughts. When you write down every interesting thought that comes to your mind you may find that some of them are really useful. After brainstorming you will be able to select the best idea for your writing.

While writing the paper it is very important to analyze the audience that you refer to in your paper. You need to identify age, ethical and religious beliefs, way of life and social status of your audience. This is very important because every group of people may react differently to the same writing.

The next step in the process of writing is defining the purpose of the paper. You need to make it clear “what is the effect you want to achieve by the paper.” There are some different purposes for the paper which require different ways of writing. For example your purpose may be to persuade your audience, or to make your audience think about specific issue.

After defining the purpose of your writing, you should generate thesis statement. This statement should be the main idea of your writing. It should reflect the meaning of the paper and its purpose. Thesis statement helps you to keep the paper focused, which is very important.

The best way to start your essay is to prepare a short outline. In order to do this, you need to point out few ideas you want to mention in your paper. Outline will help you organize your paper more effectively. Following the outline will definitely prevent you from writing about some ideas that are not important.

As soon as you have your outline ready you may start to write the original paper. While writing the paper according to the outline it is very important to write about each idea that you have mentioned. Try to describe every point of your outline extensively. After completing the rough draft of the paper you should revise it. Check the grammar and spelling of the words. Also make sure that your writing is focused because it often happens that you may start to write about one particular idea and then switch off from your topic while writing. At the end, it turns out that you have few different points in the paper. So while revising the rough draft, always make sure that you still write about the same topic.

While writing the final version of the paper try to avoid using unnecessary words. Also make sure that the paper is unified and coherent. Pay attention to the structure of the paper, it should have introduction, body and conclusion. Read through your paper few more times after you will finish writing, this will help you to see some mistakes that you haven’t noticed before.

The process of writing a paper requires a lot of concentration. Of course, not all of the steps mentioned above, have to be followed in order to write a paper. But they will help to write well-organized, structured and creative paper.

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